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關鍵詞:英漢語言;問候語;差異
問候語作為社交禮儀的重要組成部分,是人們社會生活中最為普遍的語言表達,在各國文化中都具有建立和延續(xù)各種人際關系的作用。通過問候語的使用,交際雙方的身份、地位、角色以及二者之間的親疏關系被突出出來并加以確定。它們也是一種常規(guī)用語,構成了各民族文化的一部分。在同一語言內(nèi)部,其成員對問候語的使用表現(xiàn)為一種無意識的社會習慣;然而,在跨文化交際中,由于各民族文化背景的差異,人們在使用問候語時經(jīng)常會產(chǎn)生一些交際失誤。本文將從語言學不同角度對英漢招呼語進行了系統(tǒng)對比分析,通過內(nèi)容、意義、結構、稱謂、合作原則等方面的對比,指出不同語言的問候語在表達形式和實際使用方面的差異。
英漢問候語的功能和使用是相似的,但其在內(nèi)容、語義、句型結構等方面卻是大有區(qū)別的。接下來本文就將逐一從五個方面對英漢問候語的差異進行對比。
1
內(nèi)容差別
中英文招呼語的重要區(qū)別之一就是問候語內(nèi)容的差異。從古至今,中國人不僅把食物作為人的第一需求,而且還將其作為聊天的中心,所以人們一見面通常使用“吃了嗎?”作為問候語。在英語國家,人們通常將談論天氣作為問候語,如,“Lovely day.isn’t it?”(天氣挺好,是吧!),“It’s s0 cold today,isn’t it?”(今天真冷,對吧?),“It’s extremely windy today,isn’t it?”(風真大。不是嗎?)。這種語言現(xiàn)象主要歸因于英國多變的天氣。由于英語和漢語一些習慣性的問候語在內(nèi)容方面存在差別,所以在使用時應考慮文化差異,以免產(chǎn)生不必要的尷尬。例如。在英語中“你吃了嗎?”并不是一種問候語,而是男士向女士發(fā)出的邀請。
中文問候語的內(nèi)容可以根據(jù)說話雙方的關系、場合、心理狀態(tài)等進行變化。漢文化中習慣使用諸如“你在忙什么?”或“你去哪?”等傳統(tǒng)的問候語。這類問候語的目的不是詢問,而是表達說話人的關心。聽話人可以用一些模糊的字眼如,“瞎忙”、“出去”、“有事”,作為回答。在英語文化中,一些個人信息被視作隱私,只有和非常親密的朋友在一起時才會說起。而且英語問候語的內(nèi)容也有很大的約束性。漢語中的“你在忙什么?”或“你去哪?”在英語文化中就會被作為一種對個人隱私的侵犯。曾經(jīng)有一位外籍教師向?qū)W校領導抱怨經(jīng)常會有人詢問他要去哪里,要做什么,甚至陌生人也會這樣發(fā)問。他認為他在中國沒有人身自由。直到外事人員給他做出解釋才罷休。由此可見一種語言中的問候語在其他語言中可能并不適合。
2 意義差別
英漢問候語的另一個重要區(qū)別就是表達意義上的差別。漢語和英語有時使用相同的問候語,但是由于語義場的不同,兩者表達的意義也有所不同。
English
Chinese
Good morning!
早上好!
Good afternoon!
下午好!
Good evening!
晚上好!
從以上兩者的對比可以看出,英語中的一些表達在漢語中都能找到對應。但是漢語的“早上”指的是8點以前,而英語的早上指的是從太陽升起到中午的這段時間。所以英語的“Goodmorning”比漢語的“早上好!”在一天內(nèi)可使用的時間范圍要長。而“Good afternoom”則是中午到下午6點之間一個較為正式的問候語;“Good evening”也是用于下午6點以后的一個較為正式的問候語。這兩者在漢語的日常會話中都找不到對應項,除了在電視電臺廣播節(jié)目,或是正式的演說中出現(xiàn)。相同的例子還有英語中的“Hi!”是一個中性問候語,在漢語中也沒有對應,只能根據(jù)發(fā)音用“嘿!”替代。事實上,“Hi!”同漢語中的“你好”意義相近,只是在意思上表露的不甚明確。
3 結構差別
英漢問候語在句子結構上也存在差異。例如,漢語也有將天氣作為問候語的時候,但是漢語通常使用感嘆句,如:“天氣真好!”或“天氣真糟糕!”來表達對好天氣的欣喜和對壞天氣的不滿;而英語通常使用反意疑問句來表達他們的感情,如,“Lovelyday,isn’t jI?”,“Il’s extremely windy today,isn’t it?”,這在漢語中卻是極為少見的。類似的差異還有在漢語中有很多可以用“是”或者“否”來回答的問候語,如。“上學去啊!”,“出去呀?”,“洗衣服啊?”但是英語中就沒有類似的問候語。
隨著現(xiàn)代生活節(jié)奏的加快,漢語的問候語在一些場合趨于簡化。熟人在路上見面的話如果沒有重要的事情,多以“嘿!”或“改天我再找你!”,“哪天我給你打電話!”。
英語問候語形式較為固定,回復也較為正式。如,
——How ale you?
——Fine,thanks./I’m fine,thanks,and you?
漢語問候的形式就較為靈活,并隨著現(xiàn)代生活的步伐增添了新的內(nèi)容。如,雙休日打算去哪?,上網(wǎng)了嗎?,你們單位效益怎么樣?/現(xiàn)在在哪兒干呢?
4 稱謂差別
英漢問候語的差異在稱謂上也有所體現(xiàn)。首先,漢語的人稱代詞比英語要豐富。僅僅第二人稱漢語就有“你”和“您”,而英語只有“you”,而且單復數(shù)均可用。一般而言,“您”是和較高的社會身份相聯(lián)系的。地位低的人稱呼地位高的人為“您”。而地位高的人稱呼其下屬為“你”。漢語中還有很多用于稱呼對方的敬語和稱呼自己的謙卑語。例如,稱呼別人用“君”、“公”、“先生”、“足下”、“閣下”等,稱呼自己用“鄙人”、“在下”、“弟子”等。盡管漢語的代詞比英語要豐富的多,但是漢語問候語中的代詞的使用卻遠不如英語的頻繁。通過下面的對比我們可以看出這種差異。
(1)How ale you?最近怎么樣?
(2)How is your work?工作怎么樣?
(3)How is your family?家里都好吧?
“老”是漢語中常用的稱謂前綴,用在姓氏前表示對被稱呼人的尊敬。人們在稱呼地位較高或者年齡較長的人時,多用“老”。如,“張老”,“李老”等。但是在英語中相應的翻譯就變成了“Old Zhang”,“Old Li”,失去了尊敬的意味。因為在國外稱呼對方“老”是很不禮貌的。在使用問候語時,直接稱呼對方“先生”、“小姐”或“女士”即可。
其次,在中國,一個人的職業(yè)或頭銜可以直接被用來當作稱謂,如。趙經(jīng)理、李校長、王工程師、張老師等。但是我們很少聽到英語中有這樣的稱呼“Bureau Director Smith”,“Manager Black”, “Principal Brown”,等。在英語中,只有少數(shù)職業(yè)名稱可以作為稱謂使用,像“Doctor”,“Governor”,“Mayor”,“Professor”等,但后面均不加姓氏。
漢語的一大特色就是有一套復雜的親屬稱謂體系。根據(jù)血緣關系以及年齡大小衍生出了不同的名稱。例如,英文中的aunt在中文中就有若干對應詞:姑姑(大姑、二姑),嬸嬸,姨媽,等等。中國人不僅用這些親屬稱謂詞稱呼和自己有關系的人,還用于稱呼非親屬關系的人或者是陌生人,以此來拉近人與人的距離。如稱呼老人用“爺爺、奶奶”,稱呼中年人用“伯伯、叔叔、大嬸、阿姨”等。而在英語中,只有稱呼親屬才會使用這些詞匯,對于非親屬關系的人一般使用“先生”、“小姐”或“女士”。
5 合作差別
1967年,美國哲學家格萊斯提出了會話交際的合作原則。格萊斯認為,為了保證會話參與者能夠持續(xù)地進行有意義的語言交際,要求每一個交談參與者在整個過程中所說的話符合這一次交談的目標或方向,這就是會話的“合作原則”。
大多數(shù)英語問候語都遵循“合作原則”,即被問候人都盡可能回答問候人的詢問。例如:
A:How ale you?
B:Just fine.How’s your mother?I heard she WEkcJn’t well.
A:She’0 got a headache.but she i8 much better now.
B:Glad to hear that.
A:Thank you!
以格萊斯的“合作原則”為標準,漢語的問候語大多違反了這個原則。漢語問候語的回答較為模糊、籠統(tǒng)。
A:你家孩子出國的事情怎么樣了?
B:估計還得幾個月!
A:要好好培養(yǎng)啊,孩子學習好吧?
B:湊合吧!
在上面的例子中,A詢問事情的進展是否順利,而B只是告訴對方一個時間,并沒有直接回答。第二個問題的回答更是模糊,或許只是為了表示謙虛。
漢語中的問候語還可以用一些和問候人所說話題不相關的問題來回答。比如:
A:您老要去提水啊?
B:你這是要去哪兒?
論文摘要:本文探討中英問候語中語言和文化差異,并對提高跨文化交際的能力提出相關策略。
問候語是日常會話交際中必不可少的一部分,我們問候別人時,首先考慮的就是禮貌問題。那么具有不同文化背景的人在互相交際時所賦予這些準則的重要性是否會有差異?因為跨文化交際在很大程度上與交際者對這些準則和策略的恰當選擇有關Brown和Levinson(19871認為,在社會交往中,人們用語言所體現(xiàn)出來的禮貌是有原則的,也是有差異的。這些原則要求交談者符合總的禮貌行為;同時,由于人們所處的文化環(huán)境不同,對禮貌的衡量和評估標準也不盡相同,而這些不同的衡量標準也會影響交際者在談話策略上的選擇。為了解釋英漢兩種不同文化對于禮貌原則選擇的差異,以克服跨文化交際障礙,本論文以Leech(1983)的禮貌原則和顧日國(1992)的禮貌準則為基礎,對英漢問候語進行調(diào)查和研究。
一、中英相同的問候語結構、
通過考察我們發(fā)現(xiàn),中英文化中的問候活動通常是先開始接觸,然后互致某些問候客套,表示歡迎或樂意會面,再作寒暄。因此,問候語的結構一般包括以下組成部分:招呼、問候、歡迎辭語、表示高興、寒暄。但是在許多情況下,隨著問候情景的不同,問候活動中許多成分會隨時發(fā)生變化,某些成分被省略。一般見面時常用以下問候用語:“Go0dmorning(早安)!”、“Goodevening(晚安)!”、“Howdoyoudo(你好)!”、“Howareyou(身體好嗎)?”“What’sgoingonwithyourecendy(最近如何)?”、“How’severythinggoing(一切都順利嗎)?”、“Longtimenosee.Howareyou(好久不見了,你好嗎?)”、“Iseverythingallifghtiwththechildren(孩子們都好嗎)?”、“Haveyoubeenonholiday(最近休假去了嗎)?”
二、中英問候語的禮貌原則對比
結合顧日國的禮貌準則與Leech關于禮貌的論述對英漢問候語語料進行比較,對問候語的研究結果證明了顧日國的觀點——貶己尊人是中國特有的禮貌準則,并且是中國現(xiàn)代禮貌觀念的核心。與Leech的禮貌原則中談話雙方要保持吃虧和受益相平衡的“得體準則”不同,中國的禮貌尤其表現(xiàn)在“貶己尊人”。保持平衡是不符合中國道德觀的。問題在于以英語為母語的人很難理解中國“謙虛”的文化內(nèi)涵,因為它與Leech的“謙遜準則”中的“謙遜”概念是不盡相同的。在漢語問候語中可以任意評論對方的生活、工作、健康狀況等各方面的情況。如對方住院了,一定要問問詳細的病情;對方遇到困難,一定要多寬慰幾句。見面寒暄時,雙方的年齡、職業(yè)、婚姻、家庭、身體等方方面而的情況,都可以涉及,幾乎沒有什么禁區(qū)。
由此可見,漢語問候語中,關切大于禮貌。這種關切縮短了彼此之間的距離,淋漓盡致地表達了親如一家的情感。中國式的謙虛是一種自我修養(yǎng)的美德,貶己和尊人同樣重要:英語文化中的謙虛則是盡量少贊譽自己的禮貌策略。這種對于“謙虛”的不同理解就會造成以英語為母語的人無法理解中國人出于謙虛而貶低自己的評論。
三、英漢問候語在禮貌策略的選擇上不同
首先,在問候過程中,漢文化更注重交際過程的整體感覺,而不是某些詞語或句子的表面意義。人們希望交際伙伴能夠根據(jù)社會文化環(huán)境和情景推導出問候者的真實意圖,體會其中的關切問候之情。其次,漢語問候語強調(diào)客套超過事實,這與漢文化把保持人際關系和諧作為語言交際的主要功能是相符的。相比之下,英語問候語則體現(xiàn)平等親切,并表現(xiàn)出弱交際環(huán)境文化的直接明了。所以,漢語問候語是隨機應變的,甚至是看見什么問什么、明知故問。例如,“出去呀?”,“洗衣服呢?”,“今天休息了?”彼此從這一問一答中體會的僅僅是其中親切友好的感情。而這些對于西方人來說都是真實的問題,他們不明白這是打招呼,更不明白中國人為什么使用這種不和邏輯的方式。他們無法按照會話含義準確推導出發(fā)話人的真實意圖,更無法體會其中的關切問候之情。這也解釋了為什么許多英語問候語內(nèi)容是中性題目,例如談論天氣或其他不涉及個人隱私的話題。
四、英漢問候語在內(nèi)容選擇上不同
雖然漢英文化中的問候語結構類似,但是二者的問候內(nèi)容卻相去甚遠。中國人一般高度重視社會關系親熱,在相互問候的時候往往表現(xiàn)出對他人的關心。所以,我們中國人見面時,往往關心地問對方:“吃了嗎?”或客氣地詢問:“你到哪里去?”、“你在忙什么?”大家都習以為常,因為“民以食為天”嘛!而且彼此心里也}苛楚,“去哪里”只是友人在路上相遇時說的一句客套話。但英語國家不用這些話,甚至習慣上認為這樣說不禮貌。西方人清晨碰見習慣互道“Goodmorning!”或者簡單地招呼一聲“Hi!”,“Hello!”倘若用漢語習慣用語的英譯版“Haveyoueatenornot(吃了嗎)?”或“Whereareyougoing(去哪兒)?”問候不大了解中國國情、風俗的西方人,他(她)可能會納悶“難道我沒有足夠的錢吃飯嗎?”或許誤以為“你要請我吃飯”,“至于我去哪里,與你有何相干?你的鼻子怎么伸得這么長呢”,“去哪里?”本來是一句禮節(jié)性問候語,可有的外國朋友說不定會把禮節(jié)性的問候視為干涉其神圣不可侵犯的隱私的無禮行為。所以,問候語的內(nèi)容或表面信息差異表明,在一種語言中被認為有禮貌的話在另一種語言中也許不一定有禮貌。
五、跨文化交際策略的培養(yǎng)
由于漢英語言的負面遷移和跨文化理解、交際障礙,在跨文化交際中一定要綜合考慮語言語用和背后深層的文化差異,選擇恰當?shù)目缥幕浑H策略。因此為了達到交際目的,中國的英語教師必須教學生如何提高跨文化交際的能力,在與英語文化的人士交往問候時,應視具體情況做相應的文化信息轉(zhuǎn)換,改用英語日常問候用語,而且,中外人士互相了解彼此的風俗習慣很有必要,只有這樣才能使交往得以繼續(xù)。
——On Sister Carrie
Carrie was such an ordinary rural girl at the beginning of the story. Sitting on the seat of a bus, she couldn’t help feeling exciting at the sight of the metropolis’ spectacle. She was impressed deeply by large crowd on the avenue, the spacious square or tall buildings.
Far more different from other heroines, Carrie was not a plain pure angel like Snow-white, nor was she brave enough to be a heroine of revolutionist or even a reformer, nor was she so clever as to be a successful career woman who start from scratch.
What attracted her most, after her entering this huge metropolis was the incredible fineries, fashion shoes, smart handbags displaying in the shop windows, the jewellerys shining brightly behind the glass. She dreamed that one day, she could wear all of these, jogging gracefully into the most luxurious hotel with focused sights of admiration.
And this was not merely a dream. Because she had large eyes which can earn others’ sympathy, even love. She had wonderful figure which can win others’ hearts. However, anything she got, anywhere she reached, had not come from her ambition. Things happened, and then she accepted. That’s what she had just done — just to accept willingly from the bottom of her heart. She was not at all an evil woman who would give anything for the fortune or fame. However, she would give uo something for a better life when her instinct defeated her intellect.
That was Carrie, a girl had her own desire, a human being just like many others in the realistic world.
There’s one sentence written in chapter VIII:” When this jangle of free-will instinct shall have been adjusted, when perfect understanding has given the former the power to replace the latter entirely, man will no longer vary.” However, how many people can go that further.
《 Notre Dame cathedral》 is one known far and wide romantic faction strength which Victor Hugo writes . I take advantage of this summer vacation free time, read this great work.
Notre Dame cathedral's story, actually was one at that time social epic poem, since brimmed with really. Friendly. Beautiful, also the flow selfish desire and is false. Regardless of is good beautiful Asmelada ,or has the ugly semblance, Cacimodo with one pure mind, they represent the great amount the lower level populace which suppresses; Perhaps is sinister Coloud, he is appears by the theocracy face, all load bearing one kind of author's ponder.The author in this work, for with the clown, was beautifully friendly and wickedly does the best annotation, or take above three people as the example, the rebel Asmelada has the beautiful semblance and the chaste good mind, as well as pitiful destiny, but Cacimodo, he withstood destiny deceive nicely, the innermost feelings is his misery is graver, but Coloud maintained the benighted social rights and interests, he had brutally. Void mind and evil passion. Good person physique hateful, but the evil person actually says the appearance shore however, bright set off, social unfair manifest.
But the article result also is when the opposition society until criticism: All beautiful is good all swallows by the might and the evil, the lower level people's weak strength in under the king power rule, in the benighted society, only can be reduced to ashes. Was palatial Notre Dame cathedral, how many world tragedy testimony once, in Hugo the novel, he as if had the life breath, he sheltered Asmelada ,exposed Coloud the crime, regret the populace attack the magnificent feat which dark actually heroically devoted……
Another the question which is worth pondering is: Who is the hero? Asmelada or Cacimodo? I think all is not, but is in the article by the Louis 11 rank smell of blood suppression rather for sacreficed the populace gate, Asmelada with Cacimodo is not in them the representative, Asmelada is loves with the beautiful symbol, Cacimodo not many represents is unfortunate and the pain. But they, all suffer a tragic middle ages ignorant evil forces devastate, one each one painful soul is bleeding, flows the tear. Merely is Notre Dame cathedral's above engraves " the destiny "? They are in middle ages France, despotism sacrificial victim.
The entire story rich tragic color, the plot intense is moving, exciting. Author Hugo through " Notre Dame cathedral " this story, but also disclosed at that time the dark society's essence to the people. This fascinating story likes that Ccimodo clocks sound equally shocks several generation of readers' minds.
In my opinion, it is impossible for every rich girl to act like a well-behaved princess, but Sara, the heroine of the novel, did it! She was an imaginative little girl who had such intelligent small face and such perfect manners. Sara was a very nice girl who had a gentle, appreciative ways of saying, such as “If you please” “Thank you” which was very charming. So, not only her teachers and classmates liked her, but also her servants liked her. There was a time when Sara became a poor and pitiful servant insulted by the snobbish headmaster of the school. In spite of this, she had never complained to anyone about the horrible suffering she had endured. Sara was confident, brave, optimistic and kind-hearted just like before and she had never given up her enthusiasm of life. No matter when, Sara acted like a princess, and on account of this, she had accomplished a GREat deal of miracles over and over again.
After reading this outstanding book, I was shocked by Sara, a little girl who suffered such unimaginable pain and tortures, but still had an opposite attitude towards life. What impresses me most is that Sara put on her act of being a princess when she wore thin bottom shoes, wading in the street of London. From my point of view, her spirit of being so strong-minded when she was in hard times is worth admiring.
Truly, every girl is a princess coming into common life. the “princess” I mean is not a princess living in the palace and being regarded as the apple of everyone’s eye. As the matter of fact, the “princess” is at heart. I am in the belief that every ordinary girl in the world can be a princess. The way for a girl to be a princess is quite simple. Just suppose! You can suppose yourself to be a princess, and go about your business confidently without caring how the others would treat you. If you want to have more resemblance to a princess, be more kind and try your best to help the people in need. The most important thing you are supposed to do is that to feel like a real princess at any occasion, particularly when you are involved with enormous melancholy. Do not feel the conditions you faced are extremely wretched and attempt to get rid of the feeling of hopelessness and uneasiness. The less you look like a princess, the more you need to feel like a princess at heart.
在這次勞累而又難忘的英語節(jié)當中,我體會到了許多。
在英語課上的各種活動中,我感受到我們?nèi)狈μ鄨F結。一個活動中,是要“兩人三足”的形式來拿東西的。這個形式,需要的就是配合,才能往返的快??捎行┩瑢W是連拖帶拽的把另一個同學拉到終點再給他拽回來。這就說明我們不夠團結一致。在跳蚤市場中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的經(jīng)商不是很強。有的東西太貴,沒人買;有的東西太便宜,虧成本。在別人的鋪子里,經(jīng)??吹揭恍屩I的人群。這是因為別人的價格恰到好處,有時還有贈品,別人看的上。由此可見我們的經(jīng)商還是比別人差了那么一點。在尋寶活動中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的詞匯量太少,一些句子當中的單詞我們根本見都沒見過,可見還要多鍛煉。還有一個小活動叫“連詞成句”。我原本以為這些句子都會很簡單的,加上我和趙君安的才華,一定能寫出來。結果到我們的時候,我們拿到紙條,頓時傻了。我們竟然不會拼!無奈之下,紙條上怎么寫我們就么寫給它寫下來。在這件事的從中我感受到了我的英語還缺乏應用,一個簡單的“連詞成句”給我就把我給難倒了,不過這會讓我更加努力的學習英語。
在這次英語節(jié)中,我感受到了大家充分的熱情和不來的經(jīng)濟頭腦。部分收成不錯,但還要繼續(xù)磨練我們的英語水平。
在今天的英語課上,章老師上好新課后,就給我們聽寫、拼讀英語單詞。
章老師先后報了門、教室、學校、老師、學生、床、房間等單詞讓我們聽寫。這些單詞中有的比較簡單,我一下子就能聽寫出來,有些我只有一點點會拼,對那些難的,我只能聽著發(fā)呆。我想,這個章老師真是氣人,早不來,晚不來,偏偏在我還來不及復習時來個突然襲擊。弄得我只有干坐的份。再望望其它同學,情況也同我差不多。只有我們的英語課代表蔣芳舒全拼出來了。
下課后我們圍在蔣芳舒的身邊向她討教學習方法。她告訴我們,對復雜的英語單詞,可以采取分開記,也可以多看報,有些內(nèi)容,報紙上都有的。她邊說邊拿出報紙翻給我們看,并要我們在課外多看看有關這方面的書報。
啊,看報對英語也有這么多好處,我以前真是太小看它了。我想:以后多看書報也應例入復習計劃中。
This is our house.It`s nice and big!It`s a warm world. All family are live in it. Ha!This is my parents`room.It`s big.My father is sit on the this chair.My mother is sleep on this bed. This is my room.It`s big,too.It`s name`s "Ann park" beacause it`s very lovely and interisting.This is my desk.Everyday I do homework here.This is my bed.It`s pink beacause pink is my favourite couler. This is our sitting room.It`s tidy.It has a table,four chairs,a TV,a mat and a flower.We often sing songs here and watch TV here. This is our book room.It`s big but small than the sitting room.It has many many wonderful books.We are read books and newspapers here. This is our bathroom .It`s big.We take baths,wash faces and brush teeth here.
Our house!Our warm world!I love U!
譯文
If I were a mayor, I will create the Harbin to be more beautiful, but also expand the Harbin, let farmers in the country home children also came to Harbin, school a better place to Harbin.
If I were a scientist, I invented a kind of batteries will be able to start the car, will not let the air pollution, I would invent a kind of chocolate flavor of plastic bags, people and animals can eat, so eat small animals and children even when they also won't have anything.
If I were a singer, I would stand in all kinds of party, wearing a beautiful dress, use my voice to make people comfortable mood.
If I were a designer, I design a few beautiful clothes in the world, and open a dress, skirt. Let people to see. If you want to buy, I will lower the price!
If I were a draw, I'll give people draw self-portrait, free to open a painting exhibition, visitors will also give a leaf stickers!
Ten years later, I no matter be what kind of person, I will make a useful to the people, to make our country a better place.
十年后的我會怎么樣呢?下面,我來想象一下。
假如我是市長,我會把哈爾濱創(chuàng)造得更加美麗,還要把哈爾濱擴大,讓鄉(xiāng)下的農(nóng)民家的孩子也來到哈爾濱上學,讓哈爾濱變得更加美好。
假如我是科學家,我發(fā)明一種用電池就能開動的小汽車,不會讓空氣污染,我還會發(fā)明一種巧克力味的塑料袋,人和動物都可以吃,這樣小動物和小朋友就算吃了也不會有什么事情。
假如我是一名歌唱家,我會站在各種晚會,穿著漂亮的晚禮服,用我的歌聲來讓人們心情舒適。
假如我是設計師,我會設計出幾個世界上漂亮的衣服,開一個衣服、裙子展。讓人們來觀賞。如果要買的話,我會減價哦!